Ecological Survey of Bird Community Structure in the Theni Forest Division, Tamil Nadu, India

A study of the bird community in Theni Forest Division recorded 13,299 individuals from 197 species across five habitats: mixed forest, semi-evergreen forest, deciduous forest, shrub forest, and pond areas. Species richness was highest in deciduous forest at lower elevations (< 500 m) and lowest in pond habitats. Endemism was prominent in semi-evergreen forest (50%), with the Malabar Parakeet being the most abundant endemic species. Migratory species, mostly residential migrants, were primarily recorded around ponds. Seasonal variations influenced species richness, with significant declines observed at higher elevations. Conservation concerns included one critically endangered and several vulnerable species, emphasizing the need for targeted protection strategies.